Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Fragmented Fighting Facts, Applied! II
AHOY,
Here I have posted the original article as it appeared in my Marine Corps Gazette magazine and then followed that with a rewrite including my replies. I am in the posies of using some of this info in Tri-F and it well all be in the Tri-F updates if I ever get to posting an updated version. But it’s so difficult to maintain any motivation to update with no followers or even a go to hell reply. NOT! Do to the fact I have not used any of this info yet in Tri-F, I have not made but one reference to Tri-F in my reply. The info well most likely be used in Conduct of Engagements, Rule # 1.
(Newjarheaddean; My rewrite)...
He (the commander) understands the basics of “you, this is me” reporting. “Pretend you are on a radio and pass me your size, activity, location, unit, time, equipment (SALUTE) report [which is now a size, enemy activity, location, time, friendly activity (i.e.) (SALTA) report in-country] or a call for fire.
(Newjarheaddean; here imo we could just use the first A i.e., Activity enemy and then include the Activity friendly info too. Because you’re going back and forth with the L and T when you get to the second A already.)
Within the first initial minutes of contact the unit leader or radio operator needs to call with a position report and an estimated direction and distance to the enemy. This initial call to the COC (combat operations center) alerts the COC that a unit is in contact and starts their battle drill, which should include pulling in key leaders from the fire support team (FiST) and other agencies to support the element.
(Newjarheaddean; here is a good example of what I have pointed out before about the officers being trained in traditional combat tactics but not the enlisted. The officer here is using my Tri-F Conduit of Engagements rule # 1, Flash report. That is to say a small unit tactic in an operational doctrine for a larger unit tactic if you well).
Giving a rough direction and distance or basic ADDRAC (alert, direction, description, range, assignment, control) begins to focus the COC and its supporting arms.
(Newjarheaddean; here I’m wondering if the cart is not before the horse, with today’s U.S. units and the total UAV coverage etc. the COC should be “pushing” info, LOL i.e. informing the boots down range i.e. combat element were Charlie i.e. the enemy is etc.)
Next, the unit leader needs to develop the situation. This is going to take a few minutes due to the internal and external friction put on the leader in contact. The COC needs to give the unit leader this time to develop the situation before passing up a SALTA report in order to ensure that accurate information is given the first time.
For instance, an extra minute allows the unit leader to obtain a defense advanced global positioning system receiver (DAGR) grid vice a cardinal direction and rough distance.
(Newjarheaddean; is it being suggested here that the commander is going to first of all be close enough to see the enemy and then he is going to hold up this device and take readings? And I love the precise location DAGR with “rough distance”, no laser range finder here)
The SALTA report is the newly developed reporting procedure utilized in Afghanistan.
(Newjarheaddean; imo it is the latest reinvention of the wheel).
SALTA Report;
S) Size of the enemy. The number of enemy elements and number of fighters in each element is a very important detail. If there is only one element with a few fighters it may not be a deliberate ambush, more likely the enemy is attempting to harass the element or bait them into a larger ambush. When there are multiple firing positions and multiple fighters in each, you immediately know you are in a deliberate ambush where the enemy has done some type of planning and coordination.
(Newjarheaddean; that’s some good info).
In the COC, this helps determine if a troops in contact situation needs to be declared or if other assets, such as a quick reaction force or supporting agencies, need to be prepared to support.
(Newjarheaddean; is this QRF (quick reaction force) coming out in CH-53s or MV-22s imo no, so your unit in contact, must be close to base or they had better be able to circle the wagons, armored panic rooms on wheels and wait it out).
A) Activity of the enemy. When the unit leader is in contact with the enemy an immediate evaluation needs to take place—observe, orient, decide, act.
(Newjarheaddean; this ooday i.e. Boyd system is okay her but I think the five Ws and an H (who, what, where, when, why and how) that I have suggested maybe better for the tactical situation Refer to Conduct of Engagements rule # 1 Flash report. OKAY! LOL i.e. observe, kinetics, arriving yet again).
What type of fire are you taking? This is similar to Enhanced MOJAVE VIPER. Many times over the radio you hear that an element is taking? pop shots.? This tells the COC nothing.
(Newjarheaddean; how long has that been allowed to go on, while life’s were being lost? And here I would like to point out that imo THE COC SHOULD BE MONITORING THE NET AND PUSHING THE AGENDA, NOT BEING TOLD ANYTHING).
In my opinion there are four types of fire and every unit leader needs to understand what they are and what they mean.
(Newjarheaddean; here he should have clarified small arms fire)
“Sporadic ineffective fire”. This tells the COC that the enemy is engaging the unit every few minutes with a few bursts or single shots. The effects of the fire are not deterring the unit from maneuvering or returning fire. The fact that it is ineffective can help determine whether the enemy is trying to bait the ground force into an ambush; wants to see their tactics, techniques, and procedures; or is just harassing the unit. The ineffective fire also shows the level of marksmanship of the enemy and may help determine their range.
“Sporadic effective fire”. This tells the COC that the enemy is engaging with a purpose, from closer range, or is a skilled marksman. On numerous occasions in Marjah, the enemy would engage an element in a compound every few minutes with a single accurate shot or burst. Effective fire means it is affecting the element’s ability to maneuver or return fire.
Sustained ineffective fire. This type of fire will mostly come from inexperienced fighters who are not aiming but rather making noise with their weapons. The sustained rate of ineffective fire shows the enemy element’s lack of fire discipline, ineffective range at which they are trying to engage a unit, or lack of training.
(Newjarheaddean; nothing wrong here except the repeat and a couple of these points could have been made i.e. used the first time. And then just the sustained nature would have needed to defined).
Sustained effective fire. Effective fire of any kind halts a unit’s ability to maneuver and return fire freely. When that fire is sustained, the ground commander and COC need to begin to utilize supporting arms internally to the ground element or externally utilizing 81mm mortars, close air support, or artillery. As Marines we can never become fixed by the enemy and allow them the ability to maneuver on us and control the pace of the firefight. For the COC, an element taking sustained effective fire should initiate some type of support.
What type of weapons system? Knowing the different types of weapons systems and their effective ranges will allow the ground force and COC the ability to locate the enemy and determine what type of force you are up against. Everyone utilizes Russian-style small arms, but different weapons mean different things. Many times in Marjah a light machinegun and AK-47s would engage us. This was standard for small ambushes or harassing fire. When we received a rocket propelled grenade shot or started receiving mortar impacts, we immediately knew it was a more deliberate attack.
(Newjarheaddean; here with say a PK or AK they use the same round right so it would be the burst or accuracy that may I.D. a difference right?)
Is the enemy maneuvering or static? Are they egressing the area? Are they harassing you or becoming decisively engaged? The enemy’s movement during a firefight is key to their overall plan. If the enemy is using multiple elements, establishing a base of fire, and attempting to flank the ground elements, it is a deliberate attack and the ground commander and COC should act accordingly. If the enemy is static or has fired a few shots and then egressed out of the area, that is the opposite. Either they are attempting to bait the ground element or firing at the Marines in an attempt to harass.
(Newjarheaddean; I find the term egressing interesting due to the fact I’ve been planning on introducing some tactics to Tri-F that I found mentioned by Vietnam pilots. Meanly the switching of channels on the egress i.e. after the attack on the objective).
L) Location.
Friendly position should already be sent to higher at the initial contact; if it has changed it can be corrected here.
(Newjarheaddean; if COC does not have their Blueforce Tracker data something’s wrong)
Enemy position should be passed in one of the following ways: Mills and a distance using a VECTOR DAGR or compass. Guided reference graphic location (not for targeting, but this allows the FiST to obtain an accurate precision strike suite for special operations forces grid). Grid. North 400 meters is not helping the COC or any air assets.
(Newjarheaddean; you can say that again. And “Guided reference graphic”LOL, is that like a picture of a FOR i.e. “feature of recognition” I’ve mentioned in Tri-F, I do like the mention of the use of a FOR here though even if they use the term, Guided reference graphic).
The best means is a guided reference graphic talk-on. A VECTOR DAGR direction and distance or grid.
T) Time. When contact was initiated and the date time group.
A) Activity of friendlies. This is not your game plan just a quick assessment. Do you have positive identification? Are you returning fire? Can you maneuver? This gives the COC and higher headquarters a quick snapshot of what you are doing. You can look at this as the wave tops of your plan.
Clear site picture of what is going on. For example, ?I am going to use my over watch element in Compound 7 CE4 Sector to suppress the enemy fire team in the tree line as my satellite element maneuvers west 200 meters to a north/south running tree line to close on the enemy. I will contact you when my element begins maneuvering north
in the tree line.? This kind of communication lets the COC know who is doing what, how you plan to maneuver, and when you will call them with your next update. This type of positive control of communications allows the unit leader to fight his element.
(Newjarheaddean; with A) Activity of Friendlies and the following three paragraphs, again, here I do not have a clear sight picture, this is wrong, the COC should just be monitoring, so Co dost not have to repeat or waist time. IMO NO Satellite term should be used, to confusing with modern assets, or that’s right they call sats birds LOL do they say bird dish or net?)
Debriefs…
(Newjarheaddean; this I replied to in my post “more on sniper flashcard site” posted on June 29, 2011).
“I well bet my lucky star” IKYG
G-day!
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