Welcome Aboard!

AHOY,


UPDATE 12/21/13, 11:42 HOURS

I am revealing who I am today i.e. posting my name, I am Keith Oeffinger, I was born in San Antonio Texas in 1963. See today's post 12/21/13 .


Update, 01/11/14 12:30 hours;

I would like to say, with only one reply, like three years ago, this blog seems too much like a mirror site to me. And it appears very few patriots are looking back at past posts.

The new “Fragmented Fighting Facts” series of posts that dedicates one post to each Basic rule has now been completed. This series starts with the post tilted “Post # 1, Planning, Preface” that posted on 05/12/13. This series is under the label “Tri-F in progress”. Posts well be updated as I edit or discover additional knowledge thus the series is the most current version of my "Fragmented Fighting Facts" manual. For an old but complete version i.e. all in one post copy. Patriots are welcomed to try viewing one of the “pages” listed in the “special word section” on the starboard side of the blog. I say try due to the fact I’m not sure if they are published i.e. viewable to the general public due to all the issues or HACKING with my blog. There is also a complete copy posted, that is titled, “Tri-F in progress” too, it was posted 11/13/10.

And feel free to fire away with a reply, (sarcasm on).


FLASH REPORT; the “TERRORIST ARE NOT AMONG US, AND NEVER WERE I.E. AL QAEDA IS A STAWL MAN, GHOST”.

The most important lesson that everyone should have taken away from the Boston Marathon bombings was that those young men proved that no al-queda members are in the u.s. Otherwise they too would just go get some presure cookers and had to a parade.

“I AM NOT A TERRORIST” this nation’s worst enemy is FEAR. This fear is being promoted mostly by the back woods, right wing, Christians of this nation. We need to separate church and state, period. And that is of course for the States sake.


I would like patriots to understand that I use the terms "official revealed fact" to mean what everyone is being told by officials, media etc. I use the term "kings truth" to mean what I know or believe to actually be the actual facts. I DO NOT MEAN IT IN A RELIGIOUS WAY. I.E. the term Kings is plural as in those running the show.


Preface for the Fragmented Fighting Facts

Note pink highlighted material is that, that IMO is questionable factually, it maybe an “official revealed fact” that I am questioning. The material may need to be defined i.e. explained more or it could be a personal note. Yellow is location undecided or unedited material i.e. unread that I have not decided on what to keep or not. Green means a change has been made i.e. an update. By noting the green updated highlights a Patriot well not have to read the Fragmented Fighting Facts in its entirety to stay current. Red is important, perhaps the "kings truth".

Newjarheaddean; this is my collection of combat notes. One might call it my anthology of combat tactics, techniques, methods and skills. The note taking began about fourty years ago (I was around 13 years old) with the observation of 10 rules listed with in a book covering the French and Indian i.e. Native American, wars, entitled “Roger’s Rangers”. That’s right the rules that started all this are “Army Ranger” rules, this book was located in the “Westfall” library in San Antonio Texas off of Vance Jackson. I get a kick out of the libraries name due to the general agreement that modern or state vs state warfare started with the singing of the peace treaties at Westphalia. I could not read at the time; however I knew that a list in a book on war would be important. I copied those rules down like a scribe might have written hieroglyphs and had my dad read them to me. . This discovery preceded numerous sources including approximately one hundred books and about a dozen field manuals, of which a few were of WWII era. These were found at libraries, half price bookstores and garage sales. Since going on line in 2007, I have found material on web sites such as “Defense and National Interest” (DNI), “Global security”, “Strategy page” , “Wikipedia” and “Bayonet strength” and “Efour4ever” in the combat lessons learned section. These last two sites cover WWII.

Previously referred to as K.O.O.L.N. (acronym definition, top secret), FLASH REPORTS; I NOW AM TELLING EVERYONE IT STANDS FOR KEITH OEFFINGER'S ORGANIZATION OF LEARNED KNOWLEDGE the joke on me here was I believed Knowledge was spelled with an (N). I was a special education student and did not learn to read until my last year of high school. I have now titled my work “Fragmented Fighting Facts” or “Tri-F”; the name derives from the computer grammar function always alerting me to the fragmented nature of my sentences. This is due to the “just the facts, ma’am” manor the material is written i.e. there has been little if any effort to write in whole sentences or provide context. This is not to say there is no order with Tri-F, in fact there is a theme. I have laid out the information as one might expect a commander or members of a unit to recall it thus utilizing it to conduct a mission.

We start with “Planning”, followed by the section on “Defense”, then there’s “Preparations and conduct of patrols” or “PCP”, and we end with “Conduct of Engagements” or “COE”, i.e. engagements being the term used here for shootouts. Each section of Tri-F consists of numbered “Basic rules”, each basic rule followed by detailed notes that either relate to, explain, or give examples pertaining to the basic rules. As with the general format of Tri-F, each section’s basic rules are laid out as one might need to recall them. This is most obvious in the last section COE starting with basic rule number one, “Flash report”, i.e. actions to take upon contact with the enemy. This sections last basic rule deals with handling POWs.

Keep in mind this is a work in progress; I’m constantly discovering new information to add which in turn still at times requires rearranging things. At the same time, interestingly enough to me, I have not needed to rearrange my original order of the basic rules for quite some time. There are however, two instances where the detailed information fallowing a pair of basic rules became so similar I decided to combine the pair into one basic rule. These two occurrences are noted in footnotes.

Now heed this, out of all the information contained within this work, only an estimated 1% was taught to me while I was serving in the U.S.M.C. Moreover, to put a fine point on it, it’s worth noting I served in Charlie Company, First Battalion, Fifth Marines, First Marine Division, i.e. an Infantry unit. Before my discharge (after only a two year cruse), I attended Jungle Warfare School in the northern training area of Okinawa (for two weeks), Mountain Warfare School in Korea (for one week) and Combat Town Camp Pendleton for MOUT training (for one day). I did not take part in any amphibious training nor did I ever go to Twenty Nine Palms for Desert Warfare training. We did ride around in AAVs once at Camp Pendleton. All in all I would say the only things I missed out on were a beach landing (at Coronado I believe) and a little sun burn, due to the fact that those twenty nine palms, I was told in the early eighties were all located at the front gate of that base. Needless to say, the training did not impress me, and I now know it was not going to get any better as some suggested to me at the time, and still others later claimed that I should have just stayed in longer.

With my position on the lack of training, I do wish to make it perfectly clear that I do support the service women and men in the U.S. armed forces. I also believe them to be as brave as any people on earth, (with the exception of the (Y) generation). My concern is in the way the Infantry especially is being mislead and used. I want people to understand my experience and IMO a lot of evidence suggests Uncle Sam intends to use his infantry in ways that does not include training any generation in the art of “traditional Guerilla combat tactics” i.e. as a “Traditional Commando” would be. I am not talking about “SWAT” team “Close quarter” tactics, like the “Stick dynamic entry”. That tactic should be called the “cluster f**k”. Just call that sort of tactic what it is NYPD (Cops T.V. show bad-boys, bad-boys) in Afghanistan.

The problem is that that tactic was developed by police departments to deal with an objective occupied by drugged up party animals, i.e. untrained civilians. The police never use it in a spur of the minute situation. They use it when the house/objective has been under constant surveillance for mouths in some cases and the police know all manner of information about everyone in the house and the structure and neighborhood in general. The cops choose a time when everyone is pasted out from partying the night before and have long lost any weapons (between the cushions or under the bed) they might have had on them as show pieces during the party. The primary reason for the large numbers of police in close proximity is to make sure the gang does not think the raid is a rival gang “brake in” and thus resist in any way. There is lots of yelling too, thus reinforcing the message that no one is trying to be covert, like one would be to get away with a crime.

This brings up an intriguing observation of mine; that being that by the book an assault should be made from the top down, yet the troops in Afghanistan and elsewhere use the Stick dynamic entry and usually enter from the front door, like a SWAT team. However resent high profile raids show the SWAT teams attacking from the top down. Examples you may recall are the raids on the Shinning path group in Peru in 2000 and the Mumbai raid by Indian forces on the Jewish center in 2008. IMO this proves the existence of what I’ll refer to as a “need to know” training policy, being followed by various governments, the purpose being to limit the number of true Commandos that could become tomorrow’s rebels, apposing corrupt governments. One last thing about the Stick, IMO every single time the regular forces unit conducting one of these foolish Stick dynamic entries comes under fire i.e. runs into resistance, the Stick brakes i.e. the whole unit evacuates and awaits some kind of support form tanks, guns, tubes or air. Bottom line IMO the Stick is used as a probing tactic and is meant to be a moral boosting show peace tactic to make the unit feel as if it has taken a hill, which was nothing more than another empty building, that IMO Intel suggested, was the case before the entry was ordered. Recalling the police policy of long periods of surveillance prior to raids.

It also seems to me that in light of the old saying “you can fight a war with bombs and blockades but only boots on the ground can win it” ( IMO, Uncle Sam has now revised that saying, as fallows) “you can win a war with bombs and blockades, but only the infantry can end the war”, farther more IMO Uncle Sam has gone one more step and decided to use private security companies and local i.e. indigenous people for the infantry role. All this fear of true commandos is all very similar to the “Mujahideen” not being allowed by various governments, to return to their homelands i.e. native nations, after fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan.

And as for the U.S. and other Western nations, training foreigners to fight a counter insurgency goes. IMO this training includes nothing more than police procedures i.e. conducting investigations, forensics, searching individuals and buildings to collect evidence and yes serving warrants, if necessary, with those all mighty “stick” tactics. And of course, lots of “new innovative techniques and tactics” involving CAS and IMO (Old) so called high tech equipment the U.S. Military Industrial Congressional Complex wants to clear out of the warehouses.

All in all IMO Uncle Sam has chosen to put just about all his eggs in one advanced technology system, think Star Wars Storm Troopers or Matrix i.e. the Operator or Morpheus trying to guide Neo and others to safety. IMO it looks something like this; (x) unit go to (x) address, kick in front door, use stairs to your right, go south down hallway to (x) door, it is unlocked, interning room go to (x) window looking out window to the north you will see your target running east though the neighbors garden. All this information and the “live” feeds of target and area of operations would be provided by a fleet of satellites as well as Near space assets that are never mentioned by the media as current military assets and of course there’s the robots, UAVs and a flood of other covertly deployed sensors as well as covert eves dropping of any civilian electronic devices in the Area of operations.

Thus in light of these and similar so called “new innovative, techniques and tactics” (notice the media and governments choice of words “techniques and tactics” as if we’re talking Commando training i.e. why not use some modern high tech terms the system is so eager to introduce us all to normally as a matter of routine), IMO Uncle Sam has placed the traditional Guerrilla combat tactics, on the back burner and is hoping they all go the way of other black arts.

This is not just true of the infantry; let us take a peek at aerial combat. Does anyone out there actually think today’s U.S. pilots are turning and burning, pulling high (G) maneuvers trying to hit the entry windows and get inside the bandits turn. Think any pilot has conducted a yo-yo or split S maneuver lately or made the choice between a single or two-circle fight. Now days its all about stealth, ECM and Smart even autonomous weapons, missiles especially BVR tech. IMO this explains why the U.S. Navy is not concerned with not having a front line fighter equal to the USAF F-22 Raptor. An article I recently read on “Strategy page” mentioned a lot of talk about a Navy F/A-18E at an air show, displaying a little F-22 silhouette decal i.e. a simulated Kill credit symbol/icon. IMO the F/A- 18E did not gun down that kill.

And then everyone knows that just about all now and IMO soon all weapons systems including the bayonet well have a chip in it.

So if the electronics ever fail (maybe due to a shift in the axis of earths electromagnetic field, passed a certain point or perhaps a record size solar flare) IMO it well be the masters of the age-old Guerrilla combat tactics i.e. The Fragmented Fighting Facts Basic Rules that survive, keeping in mind “no one wins”.

I also wish, that those who join the various services where told all this up front i.e. “we do not intend to train you as a traditional Commando”.

Another thing I would like everyone to consider is that; what makes a Marine special is not the training she or he receives, no it’s the steel the youth demonstrates when they choose to join the Marines. Even when compared to the Special Forces, who IMO are only specialists in their particular field, once again mostly high tech specialties and whose ranks are filled with older personnel that have already been serving and have graduated from a boot camp i.e. are aware of the hoop and hype hurry up and wait tactics. And who are then usually chosen i.e. coached into changing their MOS. I am aware of the change in recruitment policy after 2001 allowing for direct entry into the S.F. community. IMO a rarity and IMO it is still not the same as just choosing to go to a Marine Corps Recruit Depot from the start.

Furthermore, to those who just well not accept the truth about the lack of training along the lines of traditional Guerrilla combat tactics. I can now say that I have exchanged comments with a number of Iraqi and Afghanistan combat vets. These comments can be found on the internet if you Google up my call sign, Newjarheaddean also spelled with one (D). IMO it is obvious that the tactics I speak of are news to the vets, some have made commits that proves in combat they were just winging it. And no, I don’t believe that all the vets are observing some kind of code of silence on these tactics including the vets who are against the wars. Unless everyone wants to say that YouTube and other internet companies are conspiring to edit all combat footage that shows these tactics being used and that, the vets are staging other videos that show them (albeit with great bravery) as armatures without a clue and winging it. If anyone ever sees video, showing the tactics listed in Tri-F being used, be sure and provide a link with your comment. I once saw a flash of film on CNN showing combat in Lebanon during the 1980s that showed some of these tactics being used by a Guerrilla fighter. I well also say I do believe that UAV footage is edited by the Pentagon to keep the public from seeing the few but well trained Taliban and other Guerrilla fighters that are using these tactics. Alternatively, maybe people think our professional highly trained well-equipped military is unable to defeat 10 – 20 thousand religious extremist amateur thugs in almost a decade of fighting. All the while killing at least by some estimates 100 a mouth including dozens of top commanders.

Let me also say, on the numbers of U.S. PTSD casualties, i.e. IMO, WIA, (And IMO deserving of a Purple Heart). The Government portrays these cases as a result of fighting a war that is “unlike any other war we have fought before” (LOL). Facing an enemy that is fighting in some mysterious and or cowardly manor that simply cannot be countered by military means. I believe the high numbers are a result of US forces fighting in a manner that is suicidal i.e. pointless and counterproductive to the real world situation. Example; you have a young brave American ready to fight for the nation, while on one of these IMO “Russian roulette parades” someone shoots at the unit from some building, everyone scrambles for cover, as some spray and pray, then after determining the location using SWATS (Soldier Worn Acoustic Targeting Systems) sniper detectors, or one of the many similar vehicle mounted systems the commander calls in some sort of CAS, if someone’s brains have been blow out especially if it was an officer or the location is vague, a real “crowd pleaser” maybe used i.e. 2000 pounder.

IMO this is how 90% of engagements (fought by regular infantry units) are resolved. Special Forces are now and in the feature more and more regular infantry well be using the Matrix. And to those that think this is the exception I say show me the number of WIA or KIA (On either side) by small arms fire i.e. during traditional firefights. Even if one includes sniper fire those figures are really low. So IMO after witnessing all the carnage and innocent civilian life being lost and receiving all those looks from the witnesses, it is the American that realizes it is his unit that is not fighting right.

This is reinforced and really sinks in back in the states when the vet is asked to tell the Commando stories that never occurred and thus the vet must tell the truth i.e. give up the Commando reputation, keep it all inside or start lying. If the first option is chosen that unveiling reality is demoralizing and makes it all not worth it. If either one of the other chooses are made IMO the vet becomes the ticking bomb. And I can tell you all that many times, I have recalled being told once that “when you go home keep your mouth shut about the things we did. If you don’t you well be thought of as a liar or crazy and either which way your life well be over”. That First Sergeant was right, but like my daddy use to say, “He’s right but he does not know why he’s right” i.e. IMO the First Sgt. thought of what we did in terms of remarkable heroic feats. However, IMO certainly since the beginning of the Vietnam era, it is the lack of training i.e. the manner in which our service women and men are fighting that keeps this tragedy going.

I would also suggest the vets of today are just like I was 25 or so years ago in the sense that they know there training is lacking, however, they just cannot explain what’s missing. However unlike me they refuse to accept that old fashion “black arts” are the answer i.e. should be the basis of basic training. And I now know the “Black art” tactics they and I should have been trained in and I can now say, “The PFC that told the Corp it was out of step, now has provided the proof”. What surprises me is that most vets it seems don’t care at all about the tactics I speak of and seem to view me as an unpatriotic “party pooper”, when I’m just a U.S. Marine trying to improve the Corps and save lives. Bottom line IMO the infantry needs to consist of unmarried i.e. undistracted, NO CHILDREN, dedicated true professionals, trained in the tactics listed in Tri-F and many more I am sure exist.

And to those that say “chivalry is for the museums” I say “first we must have peace on earth”.

One Newjarheaddean

“Let no Marines ghost say if my training had only done its job”

" Give me a million dollars and I well change the world"

" When it comes to persecution and suffering that fairly tale about christ dose not have (S) nothing on me"

" I well bet my lucky start"

“IKYG”

G-day!

Update; 12/19/14 09/53 hours




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Friday, May 17, 2013

Post # 18, Preparations and Conduct of Patrols rule # 4/5

AHOY,

Update; 06/12/13 10: 39 hours this was just the title change. 


FRAGMENTED FIGHTING FACTS



Preparations and Conduct of Patrols


Basic rule # 4/5


Note: with the fallowing rule 4/5 the detailed notes for the rules 4 and 5 became so similar; I decided to combine the rules. I did not renumber due to the personal difficulty of retaining a new numerical order of rules.


4/5) Everything taped, tied, strapped down:

Pre-operations Inspections (POIs). Get "eyes-on" accountability of critical items. Units should perform functions checks of all devices and weapons.
Load Plans, units normally have basic load plans for vehicles, trailers, containers and packs. Adherence to load plans can assist in POIs by providing an orderly array of equipment for inspection.
The fighting load for a properly conditioned Marine should not exceed 48 lbs; the approach/force march load should not exceed 72 lbs; the weights include all clothing and equipment, either worn or carried.

All gear on all troops organized in same manner, to make it easy to locate items on someone else in emergency or at night.

Packs;
Packs come in many sizes and should be sized appropriately for the individual according to manufacturer's specifications. Every Marine should keep a Bug out bag, packed with enough kit for a few days. Placed for grab and go in emergency. Policing the ground; anything not being used is repacked; you are ready to go at a moments notice. Packs often come with many unneeded features. A good rule of thumb is: the simpler the pack, the better it will be.
The two most common packs are internal and external framed.

Internal framed packs have a rigid frame within the pack that helps it maintain its shape and hug the back with the weight carried low; this assists the climber in keeping their balance. The body-hugging nature also makes it uncomfortable in warm weather.
External framed packs suspend the load away from the back (so air circulates). The frame transfers weight to hips and shoulders, but can be cumbersome when balance is needed for climbing and skiing. Belly straps keep loads from swaying.

Speed and endurance are enhanced if the load is carried more by the hips (using the waist belt) and less by the shoulders and back. This is preferred for movement over trails or less difficult terrain. By packing the lighter, more compressible items (sleeping bag, clothing) in the bottom of the rucksack and the heavier gear (stove, food, water, rope, climbing hardware, extra ammunition) on top, nearer the shoulder blades, the load is held high and close to the back, thus placing the most weight on the hips. In rougher terrain it pays to modify the pack plan. Heavy articles of gear are placed lower in the pack and close to the back, placing more weight on the shoulders and back. This lowers the climber's center of gravity and helps him to better keep his balance. Equipment that may be needed during movement should be arranged for quick access using either external pockets or placing immediately underneath the top flap of the pack.

The pack and its contents should be waterproofed. Zip-lock plastic bags can be used for small items, which are then organized into color-coded bags. A few extra-large plastic garbage bags should be carried for a variety of uses spare waterproofing, emergency bivouac shelter, and water procurement, among others.

Kit sanitized of identification i.e. remove all markings. All buckles, flaps, laces, & straps secured. Fins tided together with water ops, gloves in winter too. So you don’t loose. Inserts and liners not worn by themselves or they may wear out quicker. Trigger inserts fit either hand, should be changed to opposite hand frequently to ensure even wearing.

Check gear for noises by jumping up and down. Use rubber mallet to find rattles with vehicles or equipment.

Loose items should be taped, tied or raped in cloths when placed in bags/pockets. Canteens and pockets should be kept full or empty. This keeps water from sloshing. Once canteen opened, use all the water, pass it around if necessary.

With vehicles small fires under engine blocks or gearboxes. Petrol poured into gearboxes. A number of vehicles kept on stand by with engines running or started hourly. Hot water from running vehicle drained into other vehicles to start with.
Equipment can be hauled on a sled aka Ahkio (in winter).

For patrols equipment must be checked and loads evenly distributed.

Sleds vary greatly in size, from the squad-size Ahkio, a component of the 10-man arctic tent system, to the one-person skow. Regardless of the size, sleds are an invaluable asset during mountainous operations when snow and ice is the primary surface on which to travel. Whichever sled is chosen, it must be attachable to the patrol members that will be pulling it. Most sleds are constructed using fiberglass bottoms with or without exterior runners. Runners will aid the sleds ability to maintain a true track in the snow. The sled should also come with a cover of some sort whether nylon or canvas to keep load dry. Packing the sled, take great care especially when hauling fuel. Heavier items are carried towards the stern and lighter items towards the front.

Stoves, when selecting one must define its purpose i.e. for heating, cooking or both? When choosing a stove, factors that should be considered are weight, altitude and temperature where it will be used, fuel availability, and its reliability. They should be easy to clean and repair during an operation. White gas, kerosene, and butane are the common fuels used. All stoves require a means of pressurization to force the fuel to the burner. Stoves that burn white gas or kerosene have a hand pump and butane stoves have pressurized cartridges. All stoves need to vaporize the liquid fuel before it is burned. This can be accomplished by burning a small amount of fuel in the burner cup assembly, which will vaporize the fuel in the fuel line. Fire Starter material is key to igniting wet wood for emergency campfires. Candles, heat tabs, and canned heat all work. In alpine zones above tree line with no available firewood, a stove works as an emergency heat source. Matches and Lighter. Lighters are handy for starting fires, but they should be backed up by matches stored in a waterproof container with a strip of sandpaper.


Image edited out


Fuel, batteries (frozen the damage is to their plates. Remove batteries store in warm room or boxes). A dry cell battery at 0 degrees Fahrenheit is about 40% of the power it would have at room temp.

Water, food, POWER BARS: The MRE is too big and produces too much trash for most combat situations. The military needs to reissue something like the old "D rations" of WWII, basically a compressed food bar (bran, nuts, raisins, whatever) that can provide 400-600 calories and keep a Marine moving for a few more hours. Unlike the MRE which is tedious to open and consume, a Marine could simply rip the wrapper off, eat it in three bites, and keep moving.
Extensive first aid kits, climbing equipment i.e. extra ropes and extra ammunition or demolition materials, if needed. List of more MT. equipment; oxygen tanks, aneroid barometer, rope, snap rings, pitons (rock spikes), block and tackle, winches, hammer for difficult rock climes, ice ax, (if not carried in hand, should be stowed on the outside of pack with the spike up and the adze facing forward or to the outside) crampons (can be secured to the outside stern of the pack with the points covered).
Snow Saw; used to cut into ice and snow. It can be used in step cutting, in shelter construction, for removing frozen obstacles, and for cutting snow stability test pits. The special tooth design of the snow saw easily cuts into frozen snow and ice. The blade is a rigid aluminum alloy of high strength about 3 mm thick and 38 cm long with a pointed end to facilitate entry on the forward stroke.
Snow Shovel; the snow shovel is used to cut and remove ice and snow. It can be used for avalanche rescue, shelter construction, step cutting, and removing obstacles. The handle should be telescopic, folding, or removable to be compact when not in use.
Wands; are used to identify routes, crevasses, snow-bridges, caches, and turns on snow and glaciers. Spacing of wands depends on the number of turns, number of hazards identified, weather conditions (and visibility), and number of teams in the climbing party. Carry too many wands is better than not having enough if they become lost. Wands are 1 to 1.25 meters long and made of lightweight bamboo or plastic shafts pointed on one end with a plastic or nylon flag (bright enough in color to see at a distance) attached to the other end.
Wind proof outer garment, have protection against sun too. Sunglasses, sun block and lip protection, Sunscreens should have an SPF factor of 15 or higher. For lip protection, a total UV blocking lip balm that resists sweating, washing, and licking is best. This lip protection should be carried in the chest pocket or around the neck to allow frequent reapplication.
In extreme cold canteen raped and placed in pack close to back. Use warm water, never over 2/3 full. To allow for expansion, if it dose freeze, open & allow to thaw slowly. Check for leaks. Squeeze air from the repellent container and screw the cap on firmly. In cold weather it’s a good idea to carry cough drops. For warmth, you can place a rock near fire. Then rap it in cloth, it’s carried like hot water bottle. IMO this would be used more at night i.e. warm pillow aid. In winter gasmask upon removal, any excess moisture wiped off immediately. Of no use in protecting against frost bite in fact the opposite is true. Helmets will be restricted to static ops. Helmet under windy conditions well cause more noise.

MOUT Equipment; axes, crowbars, stun grenades. Sub-terrain eq. Chalk for marking routes. The glow from the face of a compus, glint or thermal strips, glow sticks, even a peace of decaying wood can be used for I.D. and location of bubs in your patrol. Located on heel or under collar of Marine in front of you. Glowing items always held away from head or chest. Used on night operations too.
KNEE PADS; Extended physical activity tends to cause the pads to slip, and tightening the straps cuts off circulation. The overall impression is that knee pads are worth using but elbow pads just get in the way. Knee pads during the winter make life easier. If you need to suddenly take a knee to fire, you won’t be squeamish about planting one in the snow or onto a hidden rock.  It will also keep your knee dry and let you stay kneeling for an extended period of time with very little knee fatigue, plus there is added protection in case of a fall.
RADIOS; allow fewer men to cover more ground, and still be able to move to support each other. While these would lack encryption, the odds that a given enemy would have the type of radio to intercept these transmissions, happen to speak English, understand another unit's internal slang, and be able to use the information in the few seconds he would have, is extremely low.

Two new portable ladders are under testing. The Quick Stepladder folds up to 2x3 feet but extends to 14 feet long. It is carried clipped to the outside of pack. The Light Modular Ladder extends to 15 feet; a second module can be added to reach 30 feet. The system is carried inside a bag the size of a rucksack. The 30-foot length allows soldiers into third-story windows or onto the roofs of single or two-story buildings.

The Hooligan Tool is a "wedge on a handle" which can be pounded into doors with a hammer to provide leverage to break them open.  

Tuff Cuffs (a new system to restrain prisoners).

Emergency survival kit containing signaling material, fire starting material, food and water procurement material. Pocket knife, whistle, pressure bandage, notebook with pen or pencil, map, compass and or altimeter.
Repair Kit; a repair kit should include: Stove tools and spare parts. Duct tape. Patches. Safety pins. Heavy-duty thread. Awl and or needles. Cord and or wire. Small pliers (if not carrying a multipurpose tool).

RIFLE SCOPES /PERISCOPES: Decades after trench periscopes were common in the trenches of Flanders, the US military has no such item in its inventory. A simple $75 rubberized system would allow a good field of view around corners, into windows, and over obstacles. One should be issued to each squad.
LASER RANGEFINDERS: civilian $ 350 (designed for hunters, building contractors, and other uses). These can accurately determine distances up to 1000m. With such a device, a squad leader could quickly lay out the range cards. In concert with the GPS and compass one could radio precise target information on enemy patrols too close to his position for normal artillery (with its fire-and-adjust procedure) to engage. (The unit's mortars, also equipped with GPS, could do so far more safely, quickly, and effectively.)

Uniforms, guerillas often use system where a simple, color or item scarf/shirt etc is worn a certain way. That can be hidden or discarded quickly. Also members may switch articles of clothing from time to time to disguise individuals identification.  (Guerilla tattoos between thumb & index finger I love you (is that in English?)

Layered principle: the Layers are of different material, wool under layer very porous, Modern Wick-a-way cloth material that lets moisture evaporate away from body but not towards it. Wicker material designed with an increasing number of strans in the layers as you get farther away from the body. Also a chemical posse to make the non absorbent man made material become absorbent.
Gore-Tex; its waterproof, and lets the moisture from the body evaporate. It only works when it's clean. Dirt, sweat, and oil if allowed to build up, clog up i.e. block the gaps in the weave and trap moisture in. Polypropylene is a good but expensive set of thermal underwear. It wicks moisture away from the body. Polar fleece will do this too. It is possible to break out in a sweat, remaining completely dry, and have a layer of ice on your back while still being warm in this combination.
Outer layer should be water resistant, if last layer water proof it well freeze over. Light weight lose outer layer, to trap warm air along side. Layering permits rapid adjustment of clothes over wide range of activity & temperatures. With out the modern materials one must avoid sweating! Even with modern materials if deployed for long periods. Best to be slightly chilly than too warm. Remove cloths accordingly head, hands and feet are good vents. When in doors wear as little clothing as possible. Clean cloths are warmer then dirty, also dirty well be more flammable. Friendly and enemy forces supplementing the layers of their uniforms with those of the dead. Corps striped of over coats, boots particularly Russian felt boats best for snow conditions, also lambskin cap. Wearing enemy uniforms or items there is a danger of being shot by friendly forces. Contrasting gear like web shouldn’t be warn on outside of snow whites. Solid whites will loose effectiveness. Special care taken when handling sooty stoves or digging holes. You may not won’t to wear. Under wet winter conditions -13 degrees or up. Moisture soaks in from inside and outside due to melting show and ice. During the spring rains & autumn’s alternating day thawing and night freezing protection against cold and moisture i.e. humidity and wet brush etc. is needed, by summer insects are a problem too. Clothing and foot gear to tight well restrict blood flow and invite cold enjoy. Wearing to many pairs of socks is not a good idea. Feet should be massaged when changing. A dry pair of socks is always carried. Socks can be hung on out side of pack on the move for drying. Dry items in shade if you can. Drying by fire, items hung close to ceiling, dry leather slowly. Do not place items down wind of fires because of smell and sparks. Never left unattended! Woolens do not boil or use hot water. In desert stay fully clothed even on cloudy days.
Recall acronym, C.O.L.D. Clean clothes, avoid Overheating, Layers, Dry.
EXTREME COLD WEATHER CLOTHING SYSTEM
Outer Layers; ECWCS the jacket and pants are made of a durable waterproof fabric. Both have a nylon shell with a laminated breathable membrane attached. This allows the garment to release moisture while the nylon shell provides a degree of water resistance during rain and snow. The nylon also acts as a barrier to wind, which helps retain warm air trapped by the insulating layers.
Insulating Layers; are those layers worn over the underwear and under the outer layers of clothing. They should provide for easy moisture movement as well as trap warm air. The insulating layers that are presently available are referred to as pile or fleece. ECWCS incorporates the field jacket and field pants liner as additional insulating layers. However, these two components do not move moisture as effectively as the pile or fleece. Cotton layers must not be included in any layer in an extreme cold environment.
Underwear; Underwear should also be made of materials that move moisture from the body. Many civilian companies manufacture this type of underwear. The primary material in this product is polyester, which moves moisture from the body to the outer layers. A lightweight set of long underwear coupled with a heavyweight set will provide a multitude of layering combinations.
Headgear; 25 % of heat loss occurs through the head and neck area. Very important to wear a hat i.e. Black watch cap of natural fibers, predominately wool. For colder climates a neck gaiter can be added. It is a tube that fits around the neck and can reach up over the ears and nose. For extreme cold, a balaclava can be added. This covers the head, neck, and face leaving only a slot for the eyes (Figure 3-5). Worn together the combination is very warm.

Photo edited
Figure 3-5 Neck gaiter and balaclava

Helmets; the Kevlar ballistic helmet can be used for most basic mountaineering tasks. It must be fitted with parachute retention straps and the foam impact pad.
SP 12/20/08 in 2007 the Indian firm Anjani Technoplast, came up with some innovative protective vest technologies, a new fiber (Dyneema HB26) which is 15 % lighter, 40 % stronger than aramid (Kevlar) fibers, floats, and is more resistant to sunlight, moisture and chemicals. Helmets made of it are 20 % lighter than the Kevlar ones, and more resistant to bullets. It's also likely that the new generation of U.S. armored trucks (the hummer replacement) will use Dyneema HB26, which will lower fuel consumption and strain on the suspension and other vehicle components.
Headlamps; it is common to need a light source and the use of both hands. A flashlight can provide light, but can be cumbersome when both hands are needed. Most headlamps attach to helmets by means of elastic bands. Ensure it is waterproof and the battery is small and is compatible with the supplies available. Most lights will accept alkaline, nickel-cadmium, or lithium batteries. Alkaline battery life diminishes quickly in cold temperatures, nickel-cadmium batteries last longer in cold but require a recharging unit, and lithium batteries have twice the voltage so modifications are required. When the light is being packed, care should be taken that the switch doesn't accidentally activate and use precious battery life. Also while on patrols to eliminate accidental activation.
Eye gear; glacier glasses and goggles. Glacier glasses are sunglasses that cover the entire eye socket. They should be antifogging. Double or triple lenses work best. Many operations in the mountains occur above the tree line or on ice and snow surfaces where the harmful UV rays of the sun can bombard the eyes from every angle increasing the likelihood of snow blindness. At least one extra pair should be carried by each climbing team.
Ballistic eye protection: Simple sports glasses with polycarbonate lenses actually work better, and take up no more space than a normal pair of glasses.
Super ears: Powered by four batteries, they block out sharp loud sounds (e.g., rifle shots), allow normal conversation to pass unaffected, and enhance small sounds such as footsteps, whispers, and the crunching of leaves and twigs. These cost $130 each. SilversonicXL lessen up type device that is worn around ear. Also product called lesson up.
Electronic ear protection, that can allow troops to hear normally, when sound levels are normal, but block out very loud noises. Equipment like this is already available for those who maintain jet engines, and other loud equipment (like tanks).
Foot gear; socks provide cushioning, remove excess moisture, and provide insulation from cold temperatures. Improper wear and excess moisture are the biggest causes of hot spots and blisters. Regardless of climatic conditions, socks should always be worn in layers. The first layer should be a material that moves moisture from the foot surface to the outer sock. The outer sock should also be made of like materials, but should be complimented with materials that provide cushioning and abrasion resistance. A third layer can be added depending upon the climatic conditions. In severe wet conditions, a waterproof type sock can be worn over the first two layers to reduce the amount of water that would saturate the foot. In extremely cold conditions a vapor barrier sock can be worn either over both of the original pairs of socks or between the whicker layer and the insulating layer. If the user is wearing VB boots, the vapor barrier sock is not needed.
Old socks can be pulled over boats for camouflage. Boots souls can be painted with white non-glossy paint. Chicken wire can be tied around boots for traction in sewers.
Currently, CTA 50-900 provides adequate footwear for most operations in mountainous terrain. In temperate climates a combination of footwear is most appropriate to accomplish all tasks. The two types of footwear needed are climbing shoes and plastic mountaineering boots. (1) Climbing shoes are made specifically for climbing vertical or near vertical rock faces. These shoes are made with a soft leather upper, a lace-up configuration, and a smooth "sticky rubber" sole. The smooth "sticky rubber" sole is the key to the climbing shoe, providing greater friction on the surface of the rock, allowing the climber access to more difficult terrain. (2) The plastic mountaineering boot is a double boot system. The inner boot provides support, as well as insulation against the cold. It may or may not come with a breathable membrane. The outer boot is a molded plastic (usually with a lace-up configuration) with a lug sole. The welt of the boot is molded in such a way that crampons, ski bindings, and snowshoes are easily attached and detached.
Gaiters are used to protect the lower leg from snow and ice, as well as mud, twigs, and stones. The use of waterproof fabrics or breathable materials laminated to the nylon can also be insulated if necessary. Gaiters are not presently fielded. Gaiters are available in three styles i.e. Alpine or open toed, full randed and overboot.

Figure 3-3

The most common style of gaiter is the open-toed variety, which is a nylon shell that may or may not have a breathable material laminated to it. The open front allows the boot to slip easily into it and is closed with a combination of zipper, hook-pile tape, and snaps. It will have an adjustable neoprene strap that goes under the boot to keep it snug to the boot. The length should reach to just below the knee and will be kept snug with a drawstring and cord lock. The second type referred to as a full or randed gaiter. It completely covers the boot down to the welt. It is used with plastic mountaineering boots and should be glued in place and not removed. The third type of gaiter is specific to high-altitude mountaineering or extremely cold temperatures and is referred to as an overboot. It is worn completely over the boot and must be worn with crampons because it has no traction sole.
Crampons; (Figure 3-25) Two types: Flexible and Rigid. They should fit snugly on the boot with a minimum of 1 inch of front point protruding. Straps should fit snugly around the foot and any long, loose ends should be trimmed, any tools needed for adjustment will be provided by the manufacturer. The Flexible or hinged crampon is best used when no technical ice climbing will be done. It is designed to be used with soft, flexible boots, but can be attached to plastic mountaineering boots. The flexible crampon gets its name from the flexible hinge on the crampon itself. All flexible crampons are adjustable for length while some allow for width adjustment. Most flexible crampons will attach to the boot by means of a strap system. The Rigid crampon, does not flex. It is designed for technical ice climbing, but can be used on less vertical terrain. It can only be worn with plastic mountaineering boots. Rigid crampons will have a toe and heel bail attachment with a strap that wraps around the ankle.

Image edited
Figure 3-25 Crampons
Snowshoes; offer a large displacement area on top of soft snow preventing tiresome post-holing. Still show shoeing uses 50 % more energy than regular walking.
Some snowshoes come equipped with a crampon like binding that helps in ascending steep snow and ice. Snowshoes are slower than skis, but are better suited for mixed terrain. When carrying heavy packs, snowshoes can be easier to use than skis. Skis; Mountaineering skis are wide and short. They have a binding that pivots at the toe and allows for the heel to be free for uphill travel or locked for downhill. There are Synthetic skins with fibers attached to the bottom thus allowing the ski to travel forward and prevent slipping backward. Historically with skies, animal fur was tided backwards (i.e. far lying opposite direction of travel) for traction with up hill climbing. It also aids in slowing down the rate of descents. Wax can be applied to the ski to aid in ascents instead of skins. Skis also do not provide good traction for pulling loads; again one might make use of fiber attachments or Animal fur. Wind in open areas can greatly slow skiers down.
Skis can make crossing crevasses easier because of the load distribution also a skier or a unit on skis is able to cross frozen lakes and rivers when the ice will not support a man on foot. Skis can become a makeshift stretcher for casualties. On skis Marines can be towed i.e. pulled by vehicles.

(Reference, Over all tips, MT. slopes etc.)
Hand gear; use of hand wear is extremely important in the mountains. Even during the best climatic conditions, temperatures can dip below freezing. While mittens are always warmer than gloves, the finger dexterity needed to do most tasks makes gloves the primary gear. Just as the clothing system is worn in layers, gloves and mittens work best using the same principle. Retention cords that loop over the wrist work extremely well when the wearer needs to remove the outer layer to accomplish a task that requires fine finger dexterity. Leaving the glove or mitten dangling from the wrist ensures the wearer knows where it is at all times.
The Ninja claw for climbing things like the phone repairman’s ankle hook on his boot.
Ski poles; assist in balance on skis or snowshoe patrols with heavy packs. Some are collapsible for ease of packing. The basket at the bottom prevents the pole from plunging deep into the snow and, on some models, can be detached so the pole becomes an avalanche or crevasse probe. Some ski poles come with a self-arrest grip, but should not be the only means of protection on technical terrain.

Remove loose snow and insects at entrances. Remove vegetation before approach to helicopters. Marines wear ear plugs during helicopter hopes to preserve hearing after exit.
If theirs little difference in inside an out side temp, weapons maybe taken into buildings and stored at floor level, where temperature is lowest. Weapons also sweat in warm vehicles. Batteries, binoculars, scopes, compos, grenades and weapons kept close to body in inter clothing, inside over coats. Keep ports and muzzles covered. Place magazines upside down in your pouches to keep out dirt and dust. Marines kept watch with hand over action/port area. Carry or handle, muzzle down during transport by helicopters. Trailing musket to keep it from being seen. Also slung over shoulder muzzle down, with sling over front part of shoulder hidden. Marine looks unarmed. Normal lubes in cold become thickened, sluggish action or stoppages results. Weapons are completely stripped, cleaned with dry solvents gasoline, alcohol and lighter fluid, only then lightly oiled. Particularly effective was sunflower seed oil. To insure smooth bolt action when no oil is used a finely ground powder is sprinkled on action. Also finely textured flour or sulfur. Check bore for obstructions before shooting i.e. work action.

On patrols cold rations only, so to illuminate the smell of cooking.

Trooper mentioning how he fill during a firefight and ended up on his back in a small depression and could not roll over to get up on his own. He told of how his bubs help i.e. IMO they had experienced the same thing and know right away.

New Winter clothing ensemble (officially called , generation III of the extended cold-weather system or Gen III ECWCS.) 


(Reference, Appendix PCP rule # 4/5)

This concludes rule # 4/5


" Give me a million dollars and I well change the world"

" When it comes to persecution and suffering that fairly tale about christ dose not have (S) nothing on me"

" I well bet my lucky start" IKYG

G-day!

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